Types

• + Danzan Ryu

Danzan-Ryu ("Sandalwood Mountain School") is a Ryu of Jujitsu founded by Henry Seishiro Okazaki (1890-1951) in Hawaii. Danzan Ryu is ubiquitous in the United States, particularly on the west coast. Seishiro Okazaki was born in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan in 1890. (He later took the western name, "Henry".) In 1906, he immigrated to the Island of Hawaii. At that time, he was afflicted with a pulmonary condition which cannot be accurately identified but was believed to have been tuberculosis. It was during this time, however, that young Okazaki came under the wing of a Yoshin-Ryu Jujitsu sensei by the name of Yoshimatsu (Kichimatsu) Tanaka in Hilo. Okazaki began to study intensely under Tanaka sensei, and ultimately found that the lung condition went into remission. Okazaki felt that the study of martial arts had a large role in his physical recovery and, as a result, it is said that he decided to dedicate his life to the study and teaching of Jujitsu and related disciplines. In 1924, Okazaki returned to Japan and underwent a study of the various schools, or "ryu-ha" of the most popular Jujitsu styles of the times: Yoshin-ryu, Namba-Shoshin Ryu, Iwaga Ryu, Kosogabe Ryu, Kodokan Judo and several others. When he returned to the Islands later that year, he continued his study of Jujitsu under the various masters who had come to Hawaii from Japan. Incorporating, not only traditional J?jutsu but also Hawaiian Lua, Okinawan Karate, Filipino Eskrima, Chinese Kung Fu and American wrestling, he began to "evolve" the best and most effective aspects of the several systems into an eclectic system which he called Danzan Ryu. Okazaki used this name to honor his Chinese martial arts teacher, Wo Chong. The Chinese term for Hawai'i is T'an Shan (or in Japanese, Dan Zan) which translates as sandalwood mountain. Hence the term Danzan-Ryu means Hawaiian Style. By all accounts the original classes were grueling, and as below, Okazaki taught different courses to different individuals. One of the striking aspects of his philosophy was that he was willing to teach both people of non-Asian extraction and women the arts. This is said to have been frowned upon by the Asian community in Hawaii at that time. During the time of the original classes in Hawaii, it took around four years to get a Nidan and students trained 6-7 days a week. Sigfried Kufferath, later elected Professor by the AJI, received his Shodan in May 1941. Kodenkan and Kokua The Kodenkan was the name of Okazaki's school in Hawaii. The name Kodenkan may be translated as "The School of the Ancient Tradition" or as "The School in Which Senior Students Transmit the Tradition." Both translations are accurate. The method of instruction requires senior students to teach less advanced students in the spirit that Okazaki declared was inherent in the Hawaiian word kokua: to mutually help one another. This spirit of kokua is the foundational philosophy of the AJJF.

• + German Ju-Jutsu

In 1967, members of the Deutsche Dan-Kollegium (DDK, German Dan Council) started developing a new self defense system mainly based on Judo, Karate, and Aikido, all three styles in turn being based on or influenced by traditional Japanese Jujitsu. A lot of emphasis was put on techniques which could be used in real life situations. Over the years, experience from police work, and techniques from other martial arts, have influenced the system. In 2000, additional techniques from Kali / Arnis de Mano / Eskrima, Sambo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Wing Chun, Muay Thai, Boxing etc. were officially incorporated into German Ju-Jutsu. German Ju-Jutsu includes atemi, elbow techniques, kicks, knee strikes, throws, ground techniques (taken from Judo), various locks, pressure points, and armed techniques, among others, covering all distances. Training includes defense against multiple opponents. Even in the early days, because of the arts mixed origin, the practiced individual techniques were strikes and blocks from Karate, Judo type throws and grappling techniques, as well as Aikido type joint locks. Several different competition systems exist. Considering that Jujitsu in certain other European countries has undergone modernization processes that have led to similar styles as in German Ju-Jutsu, international competitions are possible, too. The German Ju-Jutsu Association was one of the three founding members of the Ju-Jitsu International Federation (JJIF [1]), originally called the European Ju-Jitsu Federation (EJJF), which focussed on developing the sport aspect of German Ju-Jutsu and other styles of Jujitsu. The JJIF now is an international organization with national associations in over 70 countries. At the world level, there are two competition systems: the Duo System involves a pair of Jujutsuka from the same team demonstrating self-defence techniques against attacks randomly called by the mat referee. The Fighting System involves one-on-one combats. Three phases are distinguished, each with slightly different rules. The round begins in the distance fighting phase. Once a grab has been made, the second phase is entered and hits are no longer allowed. The third phase is entered when the Jujutsuka are down on the mat. Switching back and forth between all phases is possible, that is, if the Jujutsuka managed to stand up again the first or second phase would recommence.

• + Goshin Jujitsu

Goshin Jujitsu is a modern self-defence-oriented style of Jujitsu. As there is no single creator of Goshin Jujitsu, per se, the name of the style refers to systems which are rooted in traditional Jujitsu, but also draw heavily from sports such as boxing (both Western and Thai) and certain techniques from Judo (itself a Jujitsu derivative), but in a street (i.e., non-sport) application. A distinctive trait of the system is the significant emphasis on modern weapons defense (guns, knives, etc.) from the onset of training, as opposed to sport-oriented systems that omit weapons training entirely, or systems that train in traditional weapons (e.g., sai, sword). Goshin Jujitsu is taught by name most commonly in schools in the Midwestern United States. There are at least four examples of Goshin Jujitsu schools in England that grew independently of the Goshin Jujitsu systems in the United States. There is at least one Goshin Jujitsu school in Scotland, and this is affiliated with a Goshin Jujitsu association in England. There is at least one school teaching Goshin Jujitsu in Spain, since at least the 1970's. Ukemi is a fundamental skill that is a part of every class. Forward shoulder rolls (off both sides), break falls (both sides), front-fall, back-fall, side-fall, flip, etc. There is a minor point worth mentioning on forward shoulder rolls and breakfalls: there are two ways in which the hand can be placed when rolling, on the back of the hand which is more traditional, and rolling with the palms facing the floor. As the system is designed for real-life usage, some schools will engage in periodic tests to see whether rolls can be performed smoothly on non-mat surfaces such as at a park or on hardwood floors. Stances and footwork are a meld of boxing and traditional martial arts. As in boxing, the closer an opponent the higher the hands should be and the tighter the chin should be tucked to the chest. A more "open" stance (i.e., more of the chest exposed) is preferred over traditional "side-on" stances due to increased mobility. This type of stance does expose more of the vital organs on the front, but more importantly it protects the back, as if an opponent gets behind they can attack with minimal response, for example applying a choke. It also limits the possibility of getting being hit on the back of the skull or the spine, techniques that are commonly illegal in competitions but might be used in a self-defense scenario. The uppercut and hook are effective close-range boxing punches and are an important part of Goshin Jujitsu as well as the jab and cross. Elbow strikes (where, technically speaking, the point of contact is actually about an inch or two above the elbow on the forearm) are practiced going across to the face, up under the chin, and down on the chest. These can also be performed where the contact point is 1-2 inches towards the triceps and may be used as a reverse strike in a rear bear hug, or as an elbow-drop to a grounded opponent. Elbow strikes are arguably the most important close-range strikes due to the forearm being such a strong part of the body. Something that deserves comment is that the effectiveness of a punch is considerably tied to proper hip-torque, which in turn is tied to proper footwork. This is an important illustration of the inter-relationship between subjects that is holds true throughout the system (e.g., punching isn’t a completely separately topic from footwork). There is a preference in Goshin Jujitsu for simple low-to-mid-level kicks, the most common is a Karate style front kick (contact point is the ball of the foot, target is bladder or groin), roundhouse (contact point is the bridge of the foot, target is usually stomach or side of body), the side kick, and Muay Thai-style leg kicks (usually striking with the shin where target is the opponent's knee or side of leg). Knee-strikes, technically speaking, are classified as kicks in Goshin Jujitsu and are used in close-range. Goshin Jujitsu prioritizes street-effectiveness over flash. While elbow strikes, and hand-strikes such as jabs, hooks and uppercuts are a core part of training, it's generally not good strategy to repeatedly trade blows with somebody at close-range, particularly when the aim is self-defense. A better idea is to use strikes as a setup and use Jujitsu as the fight-stopper. Joint locks (and assorted restraining/submission techniques), chokes, throws, and defenses from all of the above are the essence of Jujitsu. Techniques used as a part of Goshin Jujitsu include joint locks such as wrist locks, elbow locks (commonly called "arm bars") and chokeholds (no-gi) (over-under choke, sleeper hold, guillotine choke, arm/leg triangle, etc.). Sweeps, trips and throws are also a part of the training regimen. An understanding on how to grapple and fight on the ground is critical. Though it is not particularly advantageous to be on the ground in a crowded place, the need still exists to understand how to fight from any position. Goshin Jujitsu strives to maintain a sense of realism in grappling by encouraging practitioners to throw (light) punches during grappling to remember to cover up, because when on the bottom in a real emergency the opponent probably may not be trying to "pass your guard." That said, the fundamentals of the grappling positional hierarchy (e.g., guard position, side control, mount position, back), movement, and escapes are an important part of training; many of the locks and chokes on the ground are the same or similar to their standing applications (e.g., key lock, rear naked choke, etc.)

• + Hakko Ryu

Hakko-ryu or Hakk?-ry? Jujitsu is a school or 'style' of Jujitsu related to Daito-ryu founded in 1941 by Okuyama Ryuho (1901-1987) a student of Sokaku Takeda and a practitioner of shiatsu. Many techniques of this school are very similar to those of the Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu. The school is now headed by his son who took the name Okuyama Ryuho. The headquarters or hombu dojo is located in ?miya-ku, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture. Hakkoryu comes from the Japanese language meaning "The Style of the Eighth Light." In the color spectrum there are nine color bands, Violet is the eighth light. Schools of Hakkoryu Jujitsu exercise strategies that avoid conflict as much as possible, and employ techniques that do not use strength, but instead use techniques that work against the body's natural motions and movements to take down the opponent. the 8th light also reflected a great sense of pride in his nation, as he said the ninth band, the color purple creates and develops the 8th. Okuyama was an instructor of Daito Ryu Aikijujutsu which he studied from two people Kyoju Dairi Matsuda (Toshimi) Hosaku and later Takeda Sokaku himself. In 1938 Okuyama finished his studied with Takeda and published a martial art text called Daito-ryu Goshinjutsu (The Daito System of Self-Protection), later Okuyama founded the Dai-Nippon Shidokai (Greater Japan Way of the Samurai Association) and began teaching what he called Daito Hiden Shido(Secret Daito-Ryu Way of the Samurai}. Okuyama's first Dojo was located in Asahikawa and was called Nippon Shidokai Ryubukan, in 1939 he moved to Kanda and opened another dojo called Dai Nihon Shidokai, this marked the beginning of the split from Daito Ryu, by this time Takeda was very old and his son Tokimune was still very young, seeing no place for advancement in the Daito Ryu school, and being a skilled medical and martial person, Okuyama began to form his own system based on Daito Ryu Jujitsu and Daito Ryu Aiki no jutsu. The Hakkoryu Kaiso Hokokusai (ceremony proclaiming the founding of Hakkoryu) was held on June 1 1941 at the Shiba Tenso Jinja (Shinto shrine in the Shiba district of Tokyo}, on that date Hakko ryu was formed and Okuyama took the pen name Ryoho (spin of the Dragon). The Hakkoryu Kobujuku (private school for Hakkoryu study) was located in Kanda district of Tokyo, during world war II the allied Bombing grew to close, Okuyama and his family fled and joined the Mount Haguro sect of Shugendo (a mixture of Buddhism and Shintoism) in Yamagata Prefecture. The Hakkoryu Kobujuku was burned down during the bombing of Tokyo. In 1947 he moved to Omiya City (Saitama City) and founded the Hakkoryu So Hombu Dojo (Hakkoryu Juku Hombu Dojo), this is still the home city of Hakkoryu today. While Hakkoryu techniques are closely related to Daito Ryu it is the influence of oriental medicine and a strict moral code that distinguishes the style. The Koho Shiatsu system is taught to its members at the higher levels. The Jujitsu system's emphasis is placed on pressure points and manipulation of the opponent's body through both the skeletal structure and the body's meridians, this helps give Hakkoryu its trade mark of looking weak but being very powerful in application.

• + Hakko Denshin Ryu

Hakko Denshin Ryu Jujitsu is a school of Jujitsu descended from and based on Hakko Ryu. The name means "Heart and Spirit (Soul) of Hakko-Ryu". In Japan, HDR is known as Kokodo. The school was founded by Yasuhiro Irie, Michael LaMonica and Antonio Garcia. Each was awarded their Sandaikichu grade from the founder of Hakko Ryu prior to leaving the Hakko Ryu organization. When setting up Hakko Denshin Ryu, each assumed the title of headmaster("Soke") of the new system in their respective geographical areas (Japan, US, Europe) and formed a federation called the Kokodo Renmei. In the 1990s, A former Hakko-ryu Shihan and student of Yasuhiro Irie, Roy Hobbs, received Menkyo Kaiden (full teaching license) in Kokodo Jujitsu and, with Irie's permission, created a new Hakko-ryu offshoot, called Dentokan Jujitsu. Another Hakko Ryu offshoot called 'Hakko Densho Ryu' was founded by Palumbo in Colorado; this is unaffiliated with the other systems. The philosophy can be summed up as "No challenge, No Resistance, No injury". This means that the practitioner should not start a fight, should seek every way reasonable to prevent a fight, and should strive to prevent injury to the assailant if a fight occurs. Injury is only condoned when "exceptional circumstances" exist (life threatening situations). The assailant is neutralized, and his will to fight is defeated through the use of pain compliance. As a compliment to the painful techniques, the founder also integrated shiatsu into the art. Shiatsu is taught at all levels of training. The style is used as the basis for self-defense classes offered by the University of Akron, Akron, Ohio. The beginners Hakko Denshin Ryu study guide is the text required by the university. The style, along with other aikijujutsu styles, are used in law enforcement due to the humane aspects of limiting injury.

• + Hokutoryu Jujitsu

Hokutoryu ("Northern Star style") Jujitsu is a style of Jujitsu developed by Auvo Niiniketo in Finland in the 1970s, after seeing English-style Jujitsu being practiced at Swedish clubs. Before Jujitsu, Niiniketo was an amateur boxer, and later became one of the first practitioners of kickboxing in Finland. The head of Jiu Jitsu International, Richard Morris, has named Niiniketo to be his successor. The style is based mainly on English derived Jujitsu and kickboxing and developed to be a straight-forward and practical style which includes takedowns, locks, strikes and kicks and includes some training in applied weapon techniques such as knife and baton. Today, Hokutoryu is the most popular Jujitsu style in Finland. In Finland it is practiced in 46 clubs and in some military garrisonns and police clubs. It also has practitioners in other countries such as Russia, the Baltic states, Iran and Ecuador. In Estonia there are 11 clubs. Hokutoryu Jujitsu also has been used in Finnish and Estonian military and law enforcement training. The military version of Hokutoryu has been taught in Iraq to the international occupation forces and the Iraqi Army soldiers.

• + Jukido Jujitsu

Kokondo Karate and its sister style, Jukido Jujitsu are Japanese-based martial arts developed by Paul Arel. Jukido Jujitsu was founded in 1959 followed by Kokondo Karate in 1970. The two styles are taught internationally, primarily in the United States. Within the United States, the largest concentration of dojos is near South Windsor, Connecticut, where the honbu dojo is located. The International Kokondo Association (IKA) is the global governing body of Jukido Jujitsu & Kokondo Karate. All instructors of the Kokondo arts have a direct link to the IKA and its honbu (World HQ) dojo. "Kokondo" translates as "the way of the past and the present"; this is embraced by the art in that it emphasizes modern application of ancient principles. "Jukido" means "the way of gentle flowing power"; its meaning is similar to that of aikido, although technically it is considerablly different. The techniques of Kokondo Karate are drawn from several styles of Asian martial arts, but principally Kyokushin Karate and Sankata Karate-jitsu. Jukido Jujitsu is also based on many styles, but principally Sanzyu-ryu Jujitsu. The term "Kokondo" is used to refer to the two arts jointly. The history of Kokondo karate and Jukido jujitsu is bound closely to the history of their founder, Paul Arel. His formal martial arts training began in 1950, when he began studying Sanzyu-ryu Jujitsu in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. By 1952, he had earned his black belt and began teaching Jujitsu. In 1956, he entered the United States Marine Corps; he was stationed in North Carolina first, and later Japan. His travels as a marine were an excellent opportunity to study a variety of martial arts, including Isshin-ryu Karate under Don Nagle, Sankata under Ishikawa and other Jujitsu and Karate styles. After his honorable discharge in 1959, he returned to Hartford, Connecticut, where he opened "Karate, Inc.," the state's first karate school, where he taught Sankata karate. In 1959, Arel founded Jukido Jujitsu and began teaching it. In 1962, Arel was invited to train with Mas Oyama, the founder of Kyokushin Karate, along with his top students. During this time, Arel was involved frequently with tournaments; he authored the rules for the first North American Karate Championships, and hosted several other championships over the rest of the decade. By 1970, Arel resigned from the Kyokushinkai-kan to found Kokondo Karate, along with the IKA, the official governing body of both Kokondo Karate and Jukido Jujitsu. Paul Arel died on January 2, 2009. He was 73 years old. Before his passing, Paul Arel announced that Gregory Howard would be his successor. Greg Howard is the highest ranked member of the Kokondo arts (shichidan) and a direct student of Paul Arel since 1972. After the passing of Paul Arel (Shihan), Kokondo's founder, Greg Howard officially became the head of the system and association, taking on the title of Kaicho. The central principles of Kokondo Karate and Jukido Jujitsu are: Jushin: the center line. The horizontal and vertical center lines of an opponent's body are critical to the effectiveness of techniques. Attacks should be on the center line; containment techniques should be applied along the center line, and throws should break the center line. Kuzushi: unbalancing. Motion (either your own or an opponent's) creates an imbalance. Creating and controlling this imbalance leads to effective techniques. Shorin-ji: points and circles. Neither straight line techniques (as in many Japanese systems) nor rounded techniques (as in many Chinese systems) are ideal separately: each has their strengths and when combined, the result is more effective. Kokondo is a closed system: students are expected to not train in any other martial arts. The focus of the two arts is on effective, realistic self-defense. Kokondo-ka (Kokondo practitioners) are discouraged from engaging in martial arts tournaments; it is Arel's stance that training for tournaments is disruptive to self-defense training. The seven codes of Bushido (benevolence, courage, honor, justice, loyalty, politeness, and veracity) are considered particularly important ideals for Kokondo-ka, in their karate & jujitsu as well as in their behaviour while training, and also their behavior generally. Kokondo dojo are usually run by volunteer sensei, though there are exceptions. The IKA rejects the practice of student contracts, and attempts to retain students through excellence of instruction. Kokondo welcomes women, and has equal expectations of both female and male kokondo-ka. There are 11 ranks before black belt in Kokondo karate: White, White 1, White 2, Yellow, Yellow 1, Yellow 2, Green, Red, Brown 3, Brown 2, and Brown 1. In Jukido Jujitsu there are thirteen ranks before black belt: White, White 1, White 2, Yellow, Yellow 1, Yellow 2, Orange, Blue, Purple, Green, Brown 3, Brown 2, and Brown 1. The brown ranks are numbered in decreasing order, corresponding to the rank of the kyu; 1st kyu corresponds to Brown 1, 2nd kyu to Brown 2, and so on. There is no fixed timetable for advancement through the ranks, but it takes an average of about 4 or 5 years for a student to earn their black belt.

• + Ketsugo Jujitsu

Ketsugo Jujitsu is a modern American school of Jujitsu (also known as Gendai Jujitsu ) founded in 1955 by Harold Brosius, a former navy frogman instructor and police officer. In the 1960s,70's and 80's Ketsugo Jujitsu was further developed passed along by Robert Dickey, James E. Jones and James Wade of Boston. Peter Freedman, received his first degree black belt (Shodan) from Professor Jones. While not a common art, Peter Freedman has certified teachers who teach throughout the United States and Yokohama, Japan. Harold Brosius has instructors as far away as Indonesia. Ben Haryo of Jakarta, Indonesia, studied many Jujitsu tricks from Brosious until he received 2nd degree Black Belt. Ben Haryo is one of the founders of JUSINDO (Asosiasi Jujitsu Seluruh Indonesia / All-Indonesian Jujitsu Association). The Ketsugo-influenced style of Goshinbudo as taught by Ben Haryo is considered more "traditional" in flavor because he has strong influences from classical Wado-ryu karate and Hakko-ryu Jujitsu before he began to blend in the techniques of Ketsugo Jujitsu into the Goshinbudo syllabus.

• + Kumite-ryu Jujitsu

Kumite-ry? J?jutsu, literally meaning "Sparring Style," is more often called "The School of Survival." It is a style of j?jutsu characterized by fierce fighting and grappling. The School of Survival was founded, and is currently headed, by "Li'l" John Davis. John Davis is the founder and current S?ke of Kumite-ry?. He is also a 9th dan in Sanuces-ry?, which he studied directly under Powell. He has experience in j?d?, aikid?, karate, and arnis. He has been employed as a bodyguard and has a wealth of self-defense experience. He has 40 years of martial arts training and is a member of the World Martial Arts Hall of Fame. He is also a technical advisor and member of the Board of Directors of the World Martial Arts Center in New York City. He founded Kumite-ry? (which he dubbed "The School of Survival") as the successor art to Sanuces-ry? and Vee Jitsu. It contains the "Te" forms and broad range of integrated techniques found in Vee Jitsu, as well as the simplicity and survival mentality of Sanuces-ry?. Kumite-ry?'s simple mission is elegantly stated in the Kumite-ry? Creed: "As we walk, we walk in peace, and fear shall not prevail. We are not the aggressors, but if we are attacked, we will fight with those who fight with us. And if we must fight, we will fight to survive." Kumite-ry? has been influenced by other styles, the most prominent among them obviously being its mother art, Sanuces-ry?, and its predecessor, Vee Jitsu. It has also been influenced by Muay Thai and, more heavily, by Sh?t?kan, from which it derives the use of kata and the ky?/dan ranking system. The ranking system comprises white, yellow, green, purple, and brown belts followed by ten degrees of black belt. Kumite-ry? makes use of both "hard" and "soft" techniques. Its movements flow smoothly, combining power, simplicity, and grace. The system is characterized by its practical applicability to the street through a systematic approach to blocks, strikes, holds, grapples, locks, throws, falls, and kicks, and by its "follow-through" style. John Davis has gone a long way toward making Kumite-ry? as "real" as possible. Courtesy is always shown when entering and exiting the d?j?, addressing superiors, practicing with other students, and sparring with the uke. Students must wear a plain white gi, and can accompany it with a dark hakama if they have one. Students who have attained belts in other martial arts schools may not wear them in the d?j?. Students are strictly forbidden from showing off techniques outside the d?j? and from practicing with non-students. Kumite-ry? is intended to be a practical art, for self-defense on the street. For example, students will never enter a belt contract or pay for belt tests or rankings. Falls and rolls will occasionally be done on a bare floor or on concrete to simulate the kinds of falls one can expect in a real fight. Students will never be expected to break boards or bricks, but they will be expected to perform grappling, kumite (free sparring) and randori (practicing defense techniques from multiple attackers). In Kumite-ry?, randori is performed with the tori (defender) standing in a circle of uke, who may attack at will, either alone or in groups of two. Kumite-ry? students are expected to constantly hone body and mind by perfecting their form and using their knowledge of technique in new ways to face unexpected situations. While it is generally a hand-to-hand art (as one is not usually expected to be carrying martial arts weapons on the street), the system also includes techniques in the use of (among other weapons) the j?, b?, tant?, and nunchaku.

• + Miyama Ryu

The English translation of 'miyama ryu' is "the school of three mountains". It was created in 1964 by Antonio Pereira. Miyama Ryu aimed to combine aikido, judo, koryu Jujitsu, karate, boxing, and western street fighting. In 1960 Pereira opened his first martial arts school in the South Bronx, New York on Tremont Avenue. In 1962, he traveled to Japan to study with Kisshomaru Ueshiba (son of the founder of Aikido) and Judo master Mifune at the Kodokan. Miyama Ryu does have leaders in the form of Shihans or Dai-Shihans. Antonio Pereira was the founder of Miyama Ryu Jujitsu. He was born on Nov 27, 1922 in Caguas, Puerto Rico. In 1930 he moved to New York City at the age of 7 and joined the U.S. Army in 1943 and began his martial arts training during World War II in Australia. He returned to New York in the 1950s and continued practicing Jujitsu and judo with the Lefcoker brothers and in 1960 opened the Tremont School of Judo and Jujitsu in South Bronx. In 1962 Pereira traveled to Japan to study at the Kodokan and at the Aikikai (home school of aikido) and was awarded a teaching certificate in aikido from Kisshomura Ueshiba.[citation needed] He also earned rank of Nidan in Kodokan Judo from Kotani.[citation needed] He returned to New York to teach aikido at the Tremont School, where he realized formal aikido was not suitable for the residents of the Bronx. This led him to create a new Jujitsu system that was adapted for the streets and called it Miyama Ryu Jujitsu. Pereira then assumed the title Shinan, which means 'originator' or 'new idea'. In 1986 and 1987 he was elected to the Jujitsu America's Hall of fame and became the president of the Dai Nippon Sosuishitsu Ryu Jujitsu. Pereira died at the age of 76 on the July 16, 1999 Miyama Ryu heiho focuses on the concepts utilized to insure one will not become the victim of a violent crime. Self-confidence is emphasised, as the school teaches that any hesitation or thinking could prove fatal; for example if an attacker or Uke attacks, with a knife then the Tori must already know what they are going to do as in less than a second the knife will be plunged into their abdomen. Miyama Ryu was created and has evolved to focus on the preservation of one's life.

• + Sanuces Ryu

Sanuces Ryu is a school of American Jujitsu founded in 1959 in Brooklyn, New York by the late Moses Powell. Sanuces Ryu means “Survival By Simplicity". Sanuces Ryu is a combination of PIA Nerve Striking, Bando, Goshin-Do Karate, Boxing, and that which Powell had acquired from Visitacion. Sanuces Ryu aims to use the powerfulness of Karate, the agility of Boxing, the speed of Arnis Stick Fighting and the nerve attacks and joint locking of Jujitsu. The system is characterized by its emphasis on street survival and simplicity, hall marks of martial arts systems coming out of New York in the 1960s and '70s. Jujitsu is the art of combat, utilizing striking, throwing and manipulating joints of the attacker causing severe and intense pain and possibly debilitating injuries. The Jujitsu techniques were provided by Powell's main instructor, Florendo Visitacion (known as Professor V), founder of Vee-Jitsu. Aside from his Vee-jitsu training, Powell was also influenced by aikijujutsu, kyusho-jutsu, karate, boxing, and arnis. Vee-jitsu is the product of Florendo Visitacion who took is Jujitsu training which he received from Kiyose Nakae and Charles Nelson and then combined with his study of Filipino systems of Arnis and Kali to form the techniques of Vee Jitsu (also known as Vee Arnis jitsu, Vee Arnis, Vee Jitsu Ryu Jujitsu, and Modern Vee jitsu Club). Sanuces Ryu Creed "A man or woman of the Martial Arts, is one who thinks at all times. They possess speed, form, power, techniques and gracefulness. They move like the roar of thunder, and strike like the speed of lightning. That’s what a man or woman of the Martial Arts is." The speaks volumes about Sanuces Ryu, because it contains the with in it the idea of how a student of Sanuces Ryu should present themselves and perform the art of Sanuces Ryu.

• + Shorinji Kan Jiu Jitsu (The Jitsu Foundation)

Shorinji Kan Jiu Jitsu is taught as a self-defence system which acknowledges that situations may include multiple armed or unarmed opponents, rather than a single "one on one" officiated match. Joint locks and throws complemented by weakening strikes are employed to deal with attackers in an efficient way. The style includes some treatment of groundwork (newaza) however to a lesser degree than some sports-based styles of Jujitsu. Much of the competition focus of styles such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Judo is ignored in favor of maintaining focus on the complete surroundings with all possible threats considered. However, the throws used in the Jitsu Foundation are more similar to Judo than old JiuJitsu or Jutaijitsu, in that the thrower is rooted to one spot, aids the Uke's fall by bringing Uke's head in, etc. In short, whilst Jitsu Foundation and Judo throws work on a uni-directional concept of kazushi (balance interference) old JiuJitsu or Jutaijutsu has bi-directional contact with the opponent's body, keeps Tori's back straight and moves around the opponent, before collapsing/folding their body structure or allowing it to fold. The result is a greater tactical flexibility. The commonly held prescriptions of "clean fighting" are disregarded in the Jitsu Foundation and use of all advantages available including; groin strikes, hair pulling, spinal locks, eye rakes, and to a small extent nerve points is encouraged. Again, these are used without reference to propreceptive body mechanics or kazushi and are just designed to hurt. The style has adopted the name 'jitsu', a shortened version of 'jiu jitsu,' or 'Jujitsu.' Similar to all Jujitsu systems, techniques utilise the use of the attackers' energy, momentum, size and weight to assert an advantage to the defender. This, with training, allows a small and weak jitsuka (student of Jujitsu) to defeat a much bigger and stronger attacker by the application of strikes, locks, throws and immobilizations. Apart from the inevitable variations in technique that happen over time, TJF principles are in line with most modern practitioners of Jujitsu. Modern jujitsu practice must, however, be examined alongside older jujitsu practice, particularly in relation to balance-taking and Japanese concepts of tactical space. The balance-taking technical aspects of modern jitsu (called kazushi in Japanese) are based on a similar principle to sports style Judo. That is, a uni-directional balance breaking is imposed by a lock or throw and results in Uke hitting the floor and being kept on the floor or "finished" with a strike. This results in a number of self-imposed limitations, most of which centre around electing to grant too much attention to a single attacker. This is in contrast to the multi-directional balance breaking found in older Japanese budo, with its wider options for Tori to navigate, encourage, manipulate and influence a changing tactical space. Two examples suffice. - Ground Restraints: in the Jitsu Foundation, ground restraints often require the total leverage of the body against an attack. This results in Tori being planted in one spot and vulnerable to a second or third attack. These restraints are of use in mildly threatening situations, or at the successful conclusion of combat against a single opponent where restraint may be appropriate, but not when faced with multiple attackers or greater threat. The Foundation teaches more debilitating finishes for these less common situations in proportion to their likelihood in modern (western) culture, although the more fluid method of non-committal ground control found in Japanese budo arts is also adaptable to be appropriate to modern sensibilities and is not currently taught. - Punches: punches are taught in such a way to have often already surrendered the balance of the attacker. This is supposed to simulate the "committed punch". However, many older Japanese budo styles have systems of striking which purposefully do not commit, and so break one's own balance, until assured of reasonable success. Counters to these more sophisticated attacks are reserved for senior grade syllabi, in contrast to training traditional JiuJitsu styles in Japan where the emphasis is placed on a philosophy of immersion for all students. The Jitsu Foundation is, in general, a good introduction to modern jujitsu and judo, although not to older or "traditional" jujitsu or jutaijutsu.

• + Small Circle JuJitsu

Small circle jujitsu techniques are smooth and functional because of the integration of the flow, in which interchangeable techniques are used to counterattack. The flow emphasises the smooth transition between various locks and throws in order to remove any "hard stops". It allows a practitioner to seamlessly transition between techniques and makes counter-measures against opponents quicker and smoother. Small Circle Jujitsu continues to evolve from a combination of various martial arts theories, styles and movements. It contains Ten Principles, which were guidelines by which a practitioner of Small Circle JuJitsu could improve upon the fundamental basics involved in the functionality of their technique. Through Remy Presas elements of Small Circle JuJitsu have been integrated into Modern Arnis. Ten Principles 1.Balance 2.Mobility and Stability 3.Avoid the Head On Collision of Forces 4.Mental Resistance and Distraction 5.Focus to the Smallest Point Possible 6.Energy Transfer 7.Create a Base 8.Sticking Control and Sensitivity 9.Rotational Momentum 10.Transitional Flow (which includes): Exert Continual Pain During Transitions Create Maximum Pain Without Dislocating Joint Mobility During Transition Rather than Stability

• + Goshinbudo

Goshinbud?, literally "self-defense" (goshin) "martial" (bu) "arts" (do), is a generic name for several systems of modern self-defense (also known as "Gendai Jujitsu") which are based on martial arts techniques from Japan. Typically, most Goshinbud? systems are based on the techniques of Jujitsu, and enriched with techniques from other martial traditions such as Judo, Karate and/or Aikido, which are then modified for modern self-defense situations. One of the first system which used the name Goshinbud? is the Kuniba Goshinbud? also known as Goshind?, created by Sh?g? Kuniba. Kuniba combined his knowledge of Shit?-ry? karate, Yoshinkan Aikido, Kodokan Judo and Jujitsu to better accommodate the needs of his foreign students for a self-defense system. According to the International Seishinkai Karate Union website: "In 1973, Sh?g? Kuniba, S?ke was promoted to the rank of Hachidan, (8th Dan), in Karate-d?, Iaido, Kobud? and Goshin Bud?. Goshin Bud? is a combination of all the arts that Kuniba, S?ke has trained in, for example, Karate-d?, Judo, Aikido and Jiu Jitsu". This system is better known as Goshind? in Japan and Kuniba-Ha Goshin Bud? Jujitsu in the USA. Notable practitioners of this art are Butch Velez and Richard Baillargeon. Darrell Max Craig teaches a self-defense system called Kaisho Goshin Bud? Taiho Jutsu-ry? in Houston, Texas. He said that this system is the official Jujitsu system for the Tokyo Police. Craig describes his experience in his book " Japan's Ultimate Martial Art Jujitsu Before 1882, Classical Japanese Art of Self-Defense " as follows: "My first real exposure occurred in 1973, when I was in Japan studying kendo with Setsuji Kobayashi of the Imperial Palace Police. Through our conversations, I found out that Ichiro Hata had studied jujitsu, or, as the Japanese now called it, taiho jitsu. Hata was a government official with a deep and varied experience in Japanese martial arts. I must admit that the names confused me at first. My first thoughts were that they were two different martial arts. As time passed and I was taken from police gym to police gym to study or observe, I realized that judo or kendo was taught to every policeman, while taiho jitsu was taught only to an elite officer group analogous to what we would call a SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) team, men in their middle or late twenties. Their workouts were Monday through Saturday for one hour, and they were the most excruciating I have ever witnessed. I was so impressed by what I saw that, when I returned to the United States, I wrote Hata a letter inviting him to come to Houston. About one year later, Hata arrived for a three-week stay, and I began my study of jujitsu. Since that introduction, I have gone to Japan several times to study with Hata, and he has returned here several times. The experience has, for me, been invaluable.." Other known system which uses the name Goshinbud? is the Goshinbud? Jujitsu Indonesia system. It was formulated by C.A. Taman and his student Ben Haryo. Taman studied Wado-ry? in Japan under the guidance of Hironori Otsuka, the founder of the system, and Takashi Sasaki (Hiroshima University teacher). Wado-ry? in itself is a combination of Shindo Yoshin-ry? Jujitsu and Okinawan karate. Taman brought the Wado-ry? system to Indonesia in 1968, and soon headed the JKF Wadokai branch of Indonesia. Later he refined the system to include more self-defense techniques directly applicable to modern situations. The takedowns/throws and joint-locking techniques of Jujitsu are heavily utilized, while pressure-point strikes from traditional karate and kyusho-jitsu are heavily favored over the usual strong-style kicking and punching commonly used in sport karate. In the 1990s, Taman ordered Ben Haryo to carry on further research in formulating self-defense which are rooted in traditions and still carry the "Bud? Spirit" of self-improvement. Ben Haryo learned other styles of martial arts, most notably the Dentokan version of Hakko_Denshin_Ryu Jujitsu and modern American Jujitsu of the Ketsugo Jujitsu system. The techniques from those Jujitsu systems are added into the previous Wado-ry? system, eventually created a new syllabus of self-defense techniques, which they called Goshinbud? Jujitsu. The karate and Jujitsu arts have separate grading system, allowing students to test for both.

• + Judo

Modern judo is the classic example of a 'sport' that derived from Jujitsu and became distinct - (although many who study Judo still believe as Kano did, that Judo isn't a sport but a self defense system creating a pathway towards peace and universal harmony through the art and physical exercise), Another layer removed, some popular arts had instructors who studied one of these Jujitsu derivatives and later made their own derivative succeed in competition. This created an extensive family of martial arts and sports that can trace their lineage to Jujitsu in some part. The way an opponent is dealt with also depends on the teacher's philosophy with regard to combat. This translates also in different styles or schools of Jujitsu. Because in Jujitsu every conceivable technique (including biting, hair-pulling, eye-gouging, etcetera) is allowed (unlike, for instance, judo, which does not place emphasis on punching or kicking tactics, or karate, which does not heavily emphasize grappling and throwing), practitioners have an unlimited choice of techniques. Not all Jujitsu was used in sporting contests, but the practical use in the samurai world ended circa 1890. Techniques like hair-pulling and eye poking were and are not considered conventionally acceptable to use in sport, thus they are not included in judo competitions or randori. Judo did, however, preserve the more lethal, dangerous techniques in its kata. The kata were intended to be practiced by students of all grades, but now are mostly practiced formally as complete set-routines for performance, kata competition, and grading, rather than as individual self-defense techniques in class. However, judo retained the full set of choking and strangling techniques for its sporting form, and all manner of joint locks. Even judo's pinning techniques have pain-generating, spine-and-rib-squeezing and smothering aspects. A submission induced by a legal pin is considered a fully legitimate way to win. Kano viewed the safe 'contest' aspect of judo as an important part of learning how to actually control an opponent's body in a real fight. Kano always considered judo to be a form of, and a development of, Jujitsu. A Judo technique starts with gripping your opponent followed by off-balancing the opponent and using his momentum against him, and then applying the technique. Kuzushi(the art of breaking balance) is also used in Jujitsu, where the opponent's attack is deflected using his/her momentum against them in order to arrest their movements then throw them or pin them with a technique - thus controlling the opponent. In both systems, kuzushi is essential in order to use as little energy as possible. Jujitsu differs from judo in a number of ways. In some circumstances, jutsuka generate kuzushi by striking one's opponent along his weak line. Other methods of generating kuzushi include grabbing, twisting, or poking areas of the body known as atemi points or pressure points (see kyusho-jitsu) (areas of the body where nerves are close to the skin).

• + Brazilian Jiu Jitsu

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) was developed after Mitsuyo Maeda brought judo to Brazil in 1914. At the time, judo was still often commonly referred to as "Jiu-Jitsu", which explains why this derivative of judo is called Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu rather than Brazilian Judo. BJJ dominated the first large modern mixed martial arts competitions, causing the emerging field to adopt many of its practices. A quick note: you may have noted the different spelling of Jujitsu used here and in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. Back when Brazilian Jiu Jitsu was named, there were in fact many different ways of spelling Jujitsu and only after the name of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu was chosen was Jujitsu chosen as the correct name of describing the art. Brazilian Jiu Jitsu came to be as famous as it is today mainly because of the new methodology used when using Jujitsu. The Gracies made several changes to traditional Jujitsu: They noted that a fight could be separated into different stages. The three stages are the free-movement stage, clinch and ground grappling. Further to this, they realised that the different techniques used on the ground can be organised into a hierarchy of moves, sorted from moves that give each fighter an equal chance of success to more dominant moves where one the fighters is in a much better position to win the fight. For example, positions such as the full guard are low in the hierarchy and allow both fighters and equal chance in transitioning to another position or performing a submission attempt. For more information on techniques, please visit our techniques section. Other positions such as the full mount is very advantageous for the attacking opponent and makes it very difficult for the other person to defend themselves or to move to a safer position. Training is performed on resisting opponents and dangerous techniques such as eye gouges are not performed. Sparring and drilling (where a set of different techniques and positions are performed repeatedly) are also conducted so students can gain experience of using the techniques in a near fight situation. Because of the methods of training, BJJ is apt for use within fighting competitions such as the UFC due to the way fighters can practise Jujitsu techniques in a safe environment whilst gaining real fighting experience against resisting opponents. The different stages of fighting and hierarchy of moves lends itself well to the fights within the UFC as well as outside the octogon in real fighting situations.